Arrays can be initialized either at compile time or at run time.
Syntax:
data_type array_name[subscript] = {values};
Eg: int num[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
The above statement initializes value for all the elements of the array at compile time.
Lets see few complicated array initialization.
int num[5] = {1, 2, 3};
The above statement initializes first 3 elements of the array, and then it sets the value of last two elements to 0.
int num[5] = {[1]10, [3]20};
The above statement assigns 10 and 20 to second and fourth element of the array, and then it sets 0 to all the other elements.
int num[5] = {[1] = 10, [3] = 20};
Lets see few complicated array initialization.
int num[5] = {1, 2, 3};
The above statement initializes first 3 elements of the array, and then it sets the value of last two elements to 0.
int num[5] = {[1]10, [3]20};
The above statement assigns 10 and 20 to second and fourth element of the array, and then it sets 0 to all the other elements.
int num[5] = {[1] = 10, [3] = 20};
The above statement assigns 10 and 20 to second and fourth element of the array, and then it sets 0 to all the other elements.
int num[5] = {[0...2] = 1, [4] = 4};
The above statement assigns 1 to the first 3 elements of the array, 4 to the last element of the array and 0 to the fourth element of the array.
int num[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
The above statement indicates that there are 5 elements in the array and all the elements of the array are initialized(num[0] = 10, num[1] = 20, num[3] = 40, num[4] = 50). If we are going to initialize all the elements of the array during declaration, then we don't need to explicitly specify array index as shown above.
int num[5] = {[0...2] = 1, [4] = 4};
The above statement assigns 1 to the first 3 elements of the array, 4 to the last element of the array and 0 to the fourth element of the array.
int num[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
The above statement indicates that there are 5 elements in the array and all the elements of the array are initialized(num[0] = 10, num[1] = 20, num[3] = 40, num[4] = 50). If we are going to initialize all the elements of the array during declaration, then we don't need to explicitly specify array index as shown above.
Example C program on array declaration
#include <stdio.h> int main() { int i, arr1[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; int arr2[5] = {1, 2, 3}; int arr3[5] = {[2]10, [4]20}; int arr4[5] = {[2] = 10, [4] = 20}; int arr5[5] = {[0 ... 2] = 1, [4] = 4}; int arr6[ ] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; /* printing the values of arr1 and arr2 */ for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("arr1[%d]: %d\tarr2[%d]: %d\n", i, arr1[i], i, arr2[i]); } printf("\n"); /* printing the values of arr3 and arr4 */ for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("arr3[%d]: %d\tarr4[%d]: %d\n", i, arr3[i], i, arr4[i]); } printf("\n"); /* printing the values of arr5 and arr6 */ for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("arr5[%d]: %d\tarr6[%d]: %d\n", i, arr5[i], i, arr6[i]); } return 0; }
Output:
jp@jp-VirtualBox:~/$ ./a.out
arr1[0]: 1 arr2[0]: 1
arr1[1]: 2 arr2[1]: 2
arr1[2]: 3 arr2[2]: 3
arr1[3]: 4 arr2[3]: 0
arr1[4]: 5 arr2[4]: 0
arr3[0]: 0 arr4[0]: 0
arr3[1]: 0 arr4[1]: 0
arr3[2]: 10 arr4[2]: 10
arr3[3]: 0 arr4[3]: 0
arr3[4]: 20 arr4[4]: 20
arr5[0]: 1 arr6[0]: 10
arr5[1]: 1 arr6[1]: 20
arr5[2]: 1 arr6[2]: 30
arr5[3]: 0 arr6[3]: 40
arr5[4]: 4 arr6[4]: 50
arr1[0]: 1 arr2[0]: 1
arr1[1]: 2 arr2[1]: 2
arr1[2]: 3 arr2[2]: 3
arr1[3]: 4 arr2[3]: 0
arr1[4]: 5 arr2[4]: 0
arr3[0]: 0 arr4[0]: 0
arr3[1]: 0 arr4[1]: 0
arr3[2]: 10 arr4[2]: 10
arr3[3]: 0 arr4[3]: 0
arr3[4]: 20 arr4[4]: 20
arr5[0]: 1 arr6[0]: 10
arr5[1]: 1 arr6[1]: 20
arr5[2]: 1 arr6[2]: 30
arr5[3]: 0 arr6[3]: 40
arr5[4]: 4 arr6[4]: 50
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