This blog is under construction

Sunday, 3 March 2013

C Program To Implement Binary Tree Traversals - In-order, Pre-order and Post-order

Tree traversal is the process of visiting all the nodes in a tree in a specific order.  There are three types of tree traversals.
  • Pre-Order Traversal
  • Post Order Traversal
  • In-order Traversal

Pre-order Traversal:
  • Visit the root node.
  • Recursively traverse left sub-tree(in pre-order).
  • Recursively traverse right sub-tree(in pre-order).

Algorithm for Pre-Order tree traversal:
void preorder(Treenode T) {
          if (T == NULL)
               return;
           printData(T->data);
           preorder(T->left);
           preorder(T->right);
           return;
}


Example:
                                   *
                                /      \
                              +         -
                            /   \      /  \
                           A    B    C   D

Step 1: Visit root node and store the key '*' to output.
Output: *

Step 2: Recursively traverse left subtree of '*'

                        +
                       /  \
                      A   B     Preorder traversal: + A B

Output: * + A B

Step 3: Recursively traverse right subtree of '*'

                         -
                       /  \
                      C   D     Preorder traversal: - C D

Output: * + A B - CD

Preorder:  * + A B - C D

Post Order Traversal:
  • Recursively traverse left subtree(in post order).
  • Recursively traverse right subtree(in post order).
  • Visit the root node.

Algorithm for Post order tree traversal:
void postorder(Treenode T) {
          if (T == NULL)
               return;
           postorder(T->left);
           postorder(T->right);
           printData(T->data);
           return;
}

Example:
                                   *
                                /      \
                              +         -
                            /   \      /  \
                           A    B    C   D

Preorder: A B + C D - *



Inorder Traversal:
  • Recursively traverse left subtree(inorder).
  • Visit the root node.
  • Recursively traverse right subtree(inorder).

Algorithm for Inorder tree traversal:
void inorder(Treenode T) {
          if (T == NULL)
               return;
           inorder(T->left);
           printData(T->data);
           inorder(T->right);
           return;
}



Example:
                                   *
                                /      \
                              +         -
                            /   \      /  \
                           A    B    C   D

Inorder: A + B * C - D

See Also:
C Program To Represent Binary Search Tree Using Arrays
C Program To Perform Insertion, Deletion and Traversal In Binary Search Tree
C Program To Implement Binary Tree Traversals: In-order, Pre-order and Post-order
C Program To Implement Dictionary Using Binary Search Tree
C Program To Perform Searching in Binary Search Tree
C Program To Perform Insertion, Deletion And Traversal In Red Black Tree
C Program To Perform Insertion, Deletion and Traversal in AVL Tree
C Program To Perform Insertion, Deletion and Traversal In B-Tree
C Program To Implement Priority Queue Using Binary Heaps
Construct Binary Search Tree From In-order and Pre-order Traversal Outputs


Example Program For Binary Tree Traversals - Post-order, Pre-order, In-order):



  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>

  struct tnode {
        int data;
        struct tnode *left, *right;
  };

  struct tnode *root = NULL;

  /* creating node of the tree  and fill the given data */
  struct tnode * createNode(int data) {
        struct tnode *newNode;
        newNode  = (struct tnode *) malloc(sizeof(struct tnode));
        newNode->data = data;
        newNode->left = NULL;
        newNode->right = NULL;
        return (newNode);
  }

  /* inserting a new node into the tree */
  void insertion(struct tnode **node, int data) {
        if (!*node) {
                *node = createNode(data);
        } else if (data < (*node)->data) {
                insertion(&(*node)->left, data);
        } else if (data > (*node)->data) {
                insertion(&(*node)->right, data);
        }
  }

  /* post order tree traversal */
  void postOrder(struct tnode *node) {
        if (node) {
                postOrder(node->left);
                postOrder(node->right);
                printf("%d  ", node->data);
        }
        return;
  }

  /* pre order tree traversal */
  void preOrder(struct tnode *node) {
        if (node) {
                printf("%d  ", node->data);
                preOrder(node->left);
                preOrder(node->right);
        }
        return;
  }

  /* inorder tree traversal */
  void inOrder(struct tnode *node) {
        if (node) {
                inOrder(node->left);
                printf("%d  ", node->data);
                inOrder(node->right);
        }
        return;
  }

  int main() {
        int data, ch;
        while (1) {
                printf("\n1. Insertion\n2. Pre-order\n");
                printf("3. Post-order\n4. In-order\n");
                printf("5. Exit\nEnter your choice:");
                scanf("%d", &ch);
                switch (ch) {
                        case 1:
                                printf("Enter ur data:");
                                scanf("%d", &data);
                                insertion(&root, data);
                                break;
                        case 2:
                                preOrder(root);
                                break;
                        case 3:
                                postOrder(root);
                                break;
                        case 4:
                                inOrder(root);
                                break;
                        case 5:
                                exit(0);
                        default:
                                printf("U've entered wrong opetion\n");
                                break;
                }
        }
        return 0;
  }


Input Tree:
                                                     20
                                                   /      \
                                                  15     30
                                                /       /   \
                                               8       25   40
                                                             \
                                                 10


  Output: (Binary Tree Traversal - Inorder, Postorder & Preorder)
  jp@jp-VirtualBox:$ ./a.out
  1. Insertion
  2. Pre-order
  3. Post-order
  4. In-order
  5. Exit
  Enter your choice:1
  Enter ur data:20
  1. Insertion
  2. Pre-order
  3. Post-order
  4. In-order
  5. Exit
  Enter your choice:1
  Enter ur data:15
  1. Insertion
  2. Pre-order
  3. Post-order
  4. In-order
  5. Exit
  Enter your choice:1
  Enter ur data:8
  1. Insertion
  2. Pre-order
  3. Post-order
  4. In-order
  5. Exit
  Enter your choice:1
  Enter ur data:10
  1. Insertion
  2. Pre-order
  3. Post-order
  4. In-order
  5. Exit
  Enter your choice:1
  Enter ur data:30
  1. Insertion
  2. Pre-order
  3. Post-order
  4. In-order
  5. Exit
  Enter your choice:1
  Enter ur data:25
  1. Insertion
  2. Pre-order
  3. Post-order
  4. In-order
  5. Exit
  Enter your choice:1
  Enter ur data:40
  1. Insertion
  2. Pre-order
  3. Post-order
  4. In-order
  5. Exit
  Enter your choice:2
  20  15  8  10  30  25  40  
  1. Insertion
  2. Pre-order
  3. Post-order
  4. In-order
  5. Exit
  Enter your choice:3
  10  8  15  25  40  30  20  
  1. Insertion
  2. Pre-order
  3. Post-order
  4. In-order
  5. Exit
  Enter your choice:4
  8  10  15  20  25  30  40  
  1. Insertion
  2. Pre-order
  3. Post-order
  4. In-order
  5. Exit
  Enter your choice:5




3 comments:

  1. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Please explain the above program

    ReplyDelete
  3. I came on the Internet i saw great testimony about DR Voke on how he was able to cure someone from HERPES, and any disease this person said great things about this man, and advice we contact him for any problem that DR Voke can be of help, well i decided to give him a try, he requested for my information which i sent to him, and he told me he was going to prepare for me a healing portion, which he wanted me to take for days, and after which i should go back to the hospital for check up, well after taking all the treatment sent to me by DR Voke i went back to the Hospital for check up, and now i have been confirmed HERPES Negative, friends you can reach Dr voke on any treatment for any Disease, reach him on _________________________________[doctorvoke@yahoo.com]

    ReplyDelete